Late last year researchers found that nearly 40% of Native Americans have experienced violence or have been harassed, and more than 1 in 5 Native Americans has experienced discrimination even in clinical encounters.
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Other vulnerable groups, such as Native and Indigenous Americans, have suffered systemic oppression since the inception of our nation, and adults in this community have long endured the highest rate of mental illnesses of any race group. There have been nearly 1,500 reported incidents of anti-Asian racism in the form of physical and verbal attacks, and one-half of these took place at private businesses. Pew recently reported that, since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, 4 in 10 Asian adults say that people have acted uncomfortable around them because of their race or ethnicity, and they have been subject to racist slurs and jokes. Racism has also negatively affected the mental health of Asian Americans. In 2020, as racism and police brutality have intensified, suicide in the Black community has become what some officials refer to as another deadly crisis.
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Perhaps most disturbingly, Black elementary school–aged children-youngsters between the ages of 5 and 12-have begun taking their own lives at twice the rate of same-aged whites. Depression can precede suicide the rate of suicide among Black youth has been increasing faster over the past decade than among any other racial/ethnic group. Studies have shown that Black adolescents average more than five racial discrimination experiences per day, both online and offline, greatly contributing to depressive symptoms. Black Americans report poorer mental health after experiencing or witnessing police violence, and, in the past year alone, anxiety and depression have more than tripled in the Black community-jumping from 8% in January 2019 to 35% in June of 2020. We know that racism causes physical and emotional trauma, and that members of racial and ethnic minority groups suffer the most deleterious effects of discrimination. Yet, it’s a phenomenon that has been extensively researched and painstakingly documented and is widely regarded by both mental and physical health practitioners as a serious public health issue. Four hundred years after the first slave ship arrived in Virginia from Africa, 155 years after Emancipation, and 65 years after Emmett Till’s murder, it’s time for that to change.Ĭurrently, racial trauma-the mental injury caused by encounters with racial bias, discrimination, and racism-is not acknowledged in the DSM-5.
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Yet, one well-documented form of emotional injury has not been included: racial trauma. The most recent edition, published in 2013, includes 365 afflictions. The manual has been updated seven times since its first publication in 1952 when the first DSM-I classified 106 disorders. It stands for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a handbook long used by health care professionals as a detailed guidebook of standards for rendering official diagnoses. E-News Exclusive It Is Time to Formally Recognize Racial Traumaįor those of us in the behavioral health field, DSM is a familiar acronym.